HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS RIVERS OF AKTOBE REGION

Abstract

The article presents the results of a scientific study, which studied and evaluated the main indicators of hydrological and hydrochemical analysis of natural waters in the sections of the rivers - Ilek, Uil, Kiil, Khobda, Or, Temir, Ulkayak, Telkar in the Aktobe region for 2020. The general hydrochemical indicators of the studied reservoirs are comparable due to the similarity of the main hydrological and hydrophysical factors. For all the studied reservoirs, a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction of the environment was noted. The oxygen content in most of the studied reservoirs was within the normal range. The level of biogenic compounds is low. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen is slightly increased, which indicates the eutrophication of water bodies, probably due to the inflow of organic matter from the catchment area. As a rule, this was accompanied by a high content of dissolved organic substances, low transparency and a yellowish-greenish color of the water, indicating the rapid development of microflora. The values of water salinity corresponded to the class of fresh waters (hypohaline), with the exception of the Ulkayak River, where increased mineralization was noted. Based on hydrological and hydrochemical analysis, it was found that the natural waters of the rivers - Ilek, Uil, Kiil, Khobda, Or, Temir, Ulkayak, Telkara in the Aktobe region as a whole corresponded to the fishery category of water use. However, a number of hydrochemical indicators (reduced content of dissolved oxygen, high levels of compounds of biogenic elements and organic compounds) create the possibility of oxygen deficiency and increase the risk of freezing phenomena.