HOW SCOUTS BECAME PIONEERS

Abstract

The Civil War split the entire Russian society. The Scout movement, which has existed in Russia since 1909, was no exception. This movement was divided into three parts, which can be conditionally called white, red and neutral. The former and the latter chose a side during the war and supported it to the best of their abilities. Neutral scouts tried to stay out of the conflict and continued to work with children under any government. After the Bolshevik victory, the Red Scouts tried to remake the scout system for the needs of the young proletarian state. The ideology of the scout movement was also subjected to changes, since the old values, such as loyalty to God and the tsar, were no longer relevant, and loyalty to the Motherland was also no longer such an unambiguous concept. The article examines organizations that tried to use scouting for communist education (young Communist, Russian Organization of Young Scouts, early pioneers) and separately analyzed the changes that occurred in the issue of attitude to the Motherland.