А Өсімдікті реттеуші заттардың тұқыммен көбейтудегі әсері

реттеуші заттар

Abstract

Annotation. The era of common plant life is characterized by the concepts of growth and development. The weight and volume of the plant, the number and size of its organs and the increase in the number of cells, as well as the processes of formation of new protoplasm are called growth. The growth process is an elongation, breadth, thickening of plant organs, an increase in volume, weight, as well as neoplasm and an increase in the number of individual organs. The life span of a plant is divided into two periods: growth and reproduction. The first is that leaves, stems, and roots in the growth phase intensively form, multiply, branch, intertwine, and flower organs form. In the second stage, the plant blooms and bears fruit. After flowering, the physiological and biochemical processes in the plant change, the humidity of individual growth organs decreases, the content of nitrogenous inclusions in the leaves decreases sharply, the concentration of organic substances in storage sites occurs, and the elongation of the stem stops. The concept of plant development reflects qualitative physiological, morphological, and biochemical changes. The processes of qualitative changes in the body are called development, in which case new types of body activity or new forms arise. For example, an increase in the number of leaves on a shoot is a growth phenomenon. The development processes are considered to be the transformation of a seed into a seedling, the transformation of a meristematic cell into a conductive tissue cell. Such changes characterize certain stages of plant life – ontogenesis – youth, maturity, periods of reproduction, aging and cessation of vital activity due to the formation of new structures in the body. In the process of growing plants, synthetic stimulants can be used with a short period of time, as well as with a plentiful harvest. In some parts of plants, the amount of stimulants is especially high: for example, the upper meristems of the stem with auxins, leaves with gibberellins, roots and grains are rich in cytokinins. Growth stimulants cause various growth processes, these processes include active plant growth, generative development, tropisms, regeneration, etc.