YASSAWI TEACHING IS THE STATE IDEOLOGY OF THE GOLDEN HORDE (Based on Chinese research)

Abstract

The Golden Horde was a state founded on the basis of the Jochi ulus. The first of the khans of the Golden Horde state was Berke Khan, who converted to Islam. During the reign of Uzbek Khan, Islam became the state religion. Historically, the process of Islamization of the Golden Horde state was carried out very systematically at the state level. The role of the Khorezm Muslims, who adhered to the Sufi direction, was especially important in this process. However, the Yasawi order, founded by Khoja Akhmet Yasawi (1041-1166), played an important role. The khans of the Golden Horde were able to ensure the unity of the entire Jochi ulus by making Islam the state religion and transforming the principles of the Yasawi school into the state ideology. By adhering to the Yasawi teachings, the nomadic way of life harmonized with Islam and gained the support of the Mongol-Kipchak tribes that formed the basis of the ulus. During the long existence of the Golden Horde state and the rule of the Jochi dynasty, Yasawi teachings continued to shine in the khanates that had separated from the Golden Horde. Thanks to the flourishing Islamic culture and adherence to the Yasawi way, the Golden Horde state retained its Turkic character without being absorbed by Persian, Russian and other cultures. The article pays special attention to Chinese studies related to our topic, and the works of Chinese historians on this topic are analyzed in detail. In addition, the method of comparative analysis is used to describe the spread of Islam, changes in the legal system, and cultural exchange processes during the era of Berke Khan and Uzbek Khan. This approach ensures the objectivity of historical data and allows for the formation of a new scientific approach to a deeper understanding of the history of the Golden Horde.