HISTORY OF MASS COLLECTIVIZATION, AND THE LIQUIDATION OF “BAYS AND KULAKS” AS A CLASS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN (1930-1932).

Abstract

The article deals with the campaign of mass collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a social class in the districts that were part of Akmola and Petropavlovsk districts. The authors on the basis of archival documents stored in the archives of Akmola and North-Kazakhstan regions, Astana city, as well as in the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan analyze the actions of public authorities aimed at implementing the directives of higher authorities. The article provides information on the timing and nature of measures related to mass collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a social class, methods of their implementation, as well as the attitude of the local population to the actions of the authorities. In the authors' opinion, such regional studies make it possible to reveal the regularities, principles, and mechanisms of the campaigns of collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a class on a nationwide scale.

According to the authors, the Kraikom, district and district committees of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) became the main bodies of control and management of the process of collective farm construction, which required the rural population to be politically subordinated. This, in turn, led to an acute socio-political and economic crisis, which was reflected in the repressive policy of the authorities. The agrarian policy of the state, aimed at mass collectivization, radically changed the system of social relations in Kazakh auls and Russian-Ukrainian villages of Northern Kazakhstan.